知方可補不足~sqlserver中觸發器的(de)使用
觸發(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)在過去的(de)(de)(de)10年(nian)中,即存(cun)儲(chu)過程和ado.net稱(cheng)霸江湖(hu)期間是(shi)那(nei)么(me)的(de)(de)(de)重要,而現在,trigger顯(xian)得不是(shi)那(nei)么(me)必(bi)要的(de)(de)(de),我們很(hen)少將復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)業(ye)務寫在SQL里,當然也(ye)會沒有機會寫到trigger里了,可對(dui)于數據庫本身(shen)來說(shuo),這東西還是(shi)要說(shuo)說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de),尤其是(shi)一(yi)些(xie)特殊場合(he),看看下面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)觸發(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)使用場合(he):
這種結構很有意思,在SQLSERVER中實現兩個數據庫實時同步的方法有很多,比較簡單的是“發布與訂閱”,但(dan)說實話,這東西是有風顯(xian)的,只要一(yi)個服務重新啟動(dong),它(ta)的同(tong)(tong)步(bu)數據就(jiu)被刪(shan)除了,即,后臺數據庫數據被刪(shan)除,需要重新進行同(tong)(tong)步(bu),感覺挺危(wei)險的,今天主(zhu)要說的是一(yi)種(zhong)傳統的方法(fa)實現(xian)某些表數據的同(tong)(tong)步(bu),即使用觸(chu)發(fa)器實現(xian)數據的同(tong)(tong)步(bu)。
我們以Category表為(wei)例,前臺(tai)(tai)數據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)名為(wei)[background],后(hou)臺(tai)(tai)數據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)名為(wei)[background_copy],當category表有數據(ju)(ju)插(cha)入時(shi),[background_copy]表的數據(ju)(ju)自動實現插(cha)入,看(kan)一下代碼部分吧(ba):
USE [background] GO /****** Object: Trigger [dbo].[Trigger_Categoryinsert] Script Date: 09/10/2013 15:31:41 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO ALTER TRIGGER [dbo].[Trigger_Categoryinsert] ON [background].[dbo].[Category] AFTER INSERT AS SET IDENTITY_INSERT background_copy.[dbo].[Category] ON INSERT INTO background_copy.dbo.category ( [ID] , [ParentID] , [Level] , [Name] , [IsParent] , [CreateDate] , [Sortable] ) SELECT [ID] , [ParentID] , [Level] , [Name] , [IsParent] , [CreateDate] , [Sortable] FROM INSERTED SET IDENTITY_INSERT background_copy.[dbo].[Category] OFF
我們可以看到,代碼中使用SET IDENTITY_INSERT TableName ON/OFF命令,即,你的數據表(biao)主鍵(jian)是自(zi)(zi)增(zeng)的,在同(tong)步時(shi),需(xu)要去掉后臺表(biao)的自(zi)(zi)增(zeng)特(te)性,這樣才可以與前臺的自(zi)(zi)增(zeng)主鍵(jian)保持一致。
下(xia)面再看一下(xia)觸發器的更(geng)新,使用場合介紹:當category表的name字段(duan)(duan)有更(geng)新后(hou),自(zi)動同步到background_copy.[dbo].[Category] 表的name字段(duan)(duan)
USE [background] GO /****** Object: Trigger [dbo].[Trigger_CategoryUpdate] Script Date: 09/10/2013 16:06:31 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO ALTER TRIGGER [dbo].[Trigger_CategoryUpdate] ON [dbo].[Category] AFTER UPDATE AS IF UPDATE(Name) BEGIN UPDATE [background_copy].[dbo].[Category] SET [Name] = ( SELECT name FROM INSERTED ) WHERE ID = ( SELECT id FROM INSERTED ) END
再來(lai)看一個更新(xin)表(biao)所(suo)有字(zi)段的(de)(de),事實上(shang)就是把原來(lai)的(de)(de)記(ji)錄(lu)刪除,把新(xin)修(xiu)改的(de)(de)記(ji)錄(lu)插入就可以了(le),要求你注意的(de)(de)是自增主(zhu)鍵的(de)(de)開關問題(ti),看代(dai)碼:
USE [BACKGROUND_COPY] GO /****** OBJECT: TRIGGER [DBO].[TRIGGER_CATEGORYUPDATE] SCRIPT DATE: 09/13/2013 18:01:00 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO ALTER TRIGGER [DBO].[TRIGGER_CATEGORYUPDATE] ON [DBO].[CATEGORY] AFTER UPDATE AS DELETE BACKGROUND_COPY2.DBO.CATEGORY WHERE ID = ( SELECT ID FROM INSERTED ) SET IDENTITY_INSERT BACKGROUND_COPY2.DBO.CATEGORY ON INSERT INTO BACKGROUND_COPY2.DBO.CATEGORY ( ID , PARENTID , LEVEL , NAME , ISPARENT , CREATEDATE , SORTABLE ) SELECT * FROM INSERTED SET IDENTITY_INSERT BACKGROUND_COPY2.DBO.CATEGORY OFF
看一(yi)下刪除功(gong)能的觸發器:
USE [BACKGROUND_COPY] GO /****** OBJECT: TRIGGER [DBO].[TRIGGER_CATEGORYDELETE] SCRIPT DATE: 09/13/2013 17:58:27 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO ALTER TRIGGER [DBO].[TRIGGER_CATEGORYDELETE] ON [DBO].[CATEGORY] AFTER DELETE AS DELETE BACKGROUND_COPY2.DBO.CATEGORY WHERE ID = ( SELECT ID FROM DELETED )
OK,現在我們(men)的(de)category表就可以實現自動同步了(le),呵(he)呵(he)。